A new study by Angeline Lillard, one of the foremost education scholars studying Montessori education, has found that attending a Montessori pre-school has measurably positive impacts by the end of Kindergarten. The study, A national randomized controlled trial of the impact of public Montessori preschool at the end of kindergarten, found that students who attended Montessori preschools “had significantly better end-of-kindergarten outcomes for reading, short-term memory, executive function, and social understanding.” Interestingly, while there was no significant difference between the groups at the end of the 3 year old or 4 year old years, the significant differences appeared by the end of kindergarten.